Studying The Effectiveness of Ribavirin in The Experimental Form of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

The effectiveness of Ribavirin was evaluated by the certainty of disease severity reduction and the coefficient of therapeutic action of drugs at the peak of the pathological process calculated by the following indicators: accumulation of the virus in the lungs, lung damage degree reduction, reduction observed in the severity of changes in the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of white blood, as well as the severity of changes in biochemical blood parameters. Ribavirin is most effective when used according to the emergency prevention regimen at a dose of 20 mg/kg (therapeutic action coefficient - 70%);at a dose of 40 mg/kg according to the therapeutic and prophylactic regimen (therapeutic action coefficient - 60%). Increasing the dose of Ribavirin did not contribute to the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug.Copyright © 2020 Media Sphera Publishing Group. All rights reserved.

Microbiome, probiotics, and COVID-19: Promising approaches to support innate and acquired immunity systems

The gut microbiome is the main source of microorganisms for the formation of microbiomes of other organs and tissues. Dysbiosis of the intestine and lungs associated with COVID-19 leads to an increase in inflammatory reactions and stimulates the development of a cytokine storm through an increase in the activity of toll receptors. The patient's intestinal dysbiosis facilitates the invasion of coronaviruses and intensifies inflammatory responses. Conversely, the progression of COVID-19 leads to increased dysbiosis in both the lungs and the intestines. Improving the microbiome through probiotic strains of bifido / lactobacilli and prebiotic substances is an important approach to mitigate the “wave” of COVID-19 at the population level. © 2021. All rights reserved.

Peptides contained in the composition of Laennec that contribute to the treatment of hyperferritinemia and iron overload disorders

Introduction. Hemosiderosis is a pathologic condition that accompanies liver, lung, and other organ diseases. Polypeptide-containing drug Laennec contributes to the elimination of excessive iron deposits in tissues. Aim. The study was aimed to identify peptides contained in the composition of the drug that take part in the regulation of iron homeostasis and correction of hemosiderosis and hyperferritinemia. Materials and Methods. The study of the drug composition was conducted with hybrid mass-spectrometry and modern methods of analysis of Big Data based on the topological approach to recognition. Results. The preparation contains 19 peptides that are potentially important for the regulation of iron homeostasis. These peptides help to treat the disorders of iron metabolism by regulating the levels of the main hormone of iron homeostasis hepcidin by reducing the synthesis of ferritin and by exhibiting anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Conclusion. The identified peptides allowed the authors to describe the molecular mechanisms of the iron overload elimination that are known from experimental and clinical studies of the analyzed polypeptide drug. © 2018 Slovenske Divadlo.

An experience of using Laennec in patients at high risk of a cytokine storm with COVID-19 and hyperferritinemia

The probability of formation of the so-called “cytokine storm” accompanied by an avalanche-like growth of inflammatory markers - interleukins (IL)-1β, -6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, etc. is high at a heavy current of COVID-19. In the absence of adequate treatment in the development of “cytokine storm” increases the risk of death, especially against the background of comorbid pathology. Methods. In April-May 2020, patients (n = 28: 12 men, 16 women;age 39 - 86 years) with long, chronic COVID-19 course were under observation, hospitalized on critical days of the disease. All patients reported anosmia, cough with poor sputum, signs of conjunctivitis. The patients had chronic diseases (n = 22: coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, scleroderma). All patients were given standard therapy;half (n = 14) were additionally prescribed Laennec for 3 - 10 days (6 ml per 350 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution, intravenous infusion for the first 3 days, from day 4 - 6 ml per 250 ml of 0.9% NaCl solution) until stable remission is achieved. Results. The majority state (n = 25) stabilized;several patients died in the control group (n = 3;p = 0.067). In spite of the state stabilization, no reliable positive dynamics was noted in the control group for the tested parameters. Initially, liver dysfunction (level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) - 113 ± 121, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) - 90.8 ± 87) was registered in 71% of patients, 8 units/l) and high risk of “cytokine storm” development (ferritin levels in men - 480 - 1 072 µg/l, in women - 274.7 - 493 µg/l, C-reactive protein - 5.0 - 52.6 mg/l, lymphocytes - < 25%). Positive clinical dynamics, a decrease in the level of ferritin (-282 µg/l - in men, -80 µg/l - in women;p = 0.039), an increase in blood oxygenation to normal values (p = 0.0029), a decrease in the area of lung injury according to CT data (on average - 10%);p = 0.0027), increase in relative lymphocyte content (+8%;p = 0.04), normalization of markers of liver dysfunction (AST, ALT), creatinine and systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) were observed on prescription of Laennec. All patients who received Laennec recovered within 3 - 15 days from the start of the drug and were discharged with a negative test for SARS-CoV-2. Conclusion. Health condition is significantly improved, a wide range of hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory and regenerative effects are observed when the polypeptide Laennec is included in the complex therapy in patients with severe COVID-19. Laennec should be used primarily in patients with liver pathology, diabetes mellitus type 2, coronary heart disease, including high ferritin levels. © 2020 Medical Education. All rights reserved.